Pine Grosbeak

Pinicola enucleator (Linnaeus, 1758)

		male female
2013-12-10 Krasnoyarsky Kray. Kacha river. 2014-10-10 Vitimsky nature reserve, Northern Transbaikalia	© Igor Latysh © Sergey L. Volkov

Biology

Very rare resident. Inhabits cedar and cedar-fir forest, pure or with some spruce and deciduous trees at 1600-2000 m. Breeding in separate pairs. Singing male heard in early July. Nest is built in tree (spruce or cedar) at 2-4 m above ground from thin twigs, rootlets and dry grass with admixture of moss and lichen. Clutches of 3-4 eggs found in mid-June - early July. Nest with eggs found 16 June 1998, 1 July 1974 and 5 July 1998, with small juveniles 2 July 1975, and with feathered juveniles 15 July 1976 and 25 June 1998. Vagrants on plains observed in February, March, April, October and November.

References